Priest Raigō of Mii Temple Transformed into a Rat, 月岡芳年 Tsukioka Yoshitoshi

Archive Label 2003: In another Japanese folk tale about an animal form being taken on as a means of revenge, Raigo, a 10th-century Tendai sect monk becomes a rat after his death. Raigō was directed by the Emperor to pray for the birth of a prince. A prince was born, and Raigo requested that a special platform be built in the temple where he lived. His request was denied because rival monks opposed it. Shamed, Raigō starved himself to death. His furies turned him into a monstrous rat so that he could steal into the rival temple to destroy the precious Buddhist sutras kept there. Yoshitoshi’s print shows the Raigō-rat gnawing away at a sutra while companion rats make meals of other sutras. In the midst of a frenzied atmosphere, Raigō has his revenge; the hunger that caused his death now fuels an insatiable craving for the sutras of those who shamed him. Exhibition Label: "The Art of Stories Told," Jun-2004, Veronica de Jong The large hunched rat depicted gnawing on Buddhist texts is a reincarnation of the monk Raigo Ajari from Mii Temple. Raigo Ajari was the spiritual advisor to Emperor Shirakawa (1072-1086) of the Heian period (794-1185). He offered to pray for the birth of a son on behalf of the emperor. When these prayers were answered the emperor said he would fulfill any request Raigo made. When the emperor was unable to satisfy the monk’s request, Raigo starved himself to death. His next incarnation was as one thousand rats that haunted Mii temple, devouring its sacred texts. The result of the monk’s action are dramatically captured in this powerful illustration of a large, clothed rat surround by many others that scurry about or also consume texts. By depicting the edges of the print as seemingly frayed, Yoshitoshi enhanced the element of decay in this story, and in the top right cartouche is an explanatory text. Archive Label date unknown: Raigo, a Tendai sect monk of the tenth century, lived at Enjoji temple in the province of Omi. By order of the emperor, Raigo prayed successfully for the birth of a prince. For his reward, Raigo requested the erection of a Buddhist ordination platform at Enjoji, but this was denied because of opposition from the monks of the rival Enryakuji temple. Raigo could not bear this shame, and starved himself to death. His furies turned him into a monstrous rat so that he could steal into Enryakuji to tear up volumes of their precious sutras.